CNC 프로그래밍의 5 단계 시퀀스와 주목해야 할 주요 함정

Oct 09, 2018

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Whether you're doing manual programming or using CAM (the logic runs parallel), CNC part program preparation follows a five-step sequence. Below, each step is laid out together with the common mistakes worth watching.


The Five Steps

Step 1: Drawing Analysis and Process Planning

Before touching any code, settle these things first:

  • Read the drawing: 크기 범위, 부분 집합 (± 0.05? 0.01 보다?), 연락 드리겠습니다. U (표현/////// - / / / - ////////////////////////


  • 프로세스 경로 정의: 먼저 거칠게 한 다음 마무리; 구멍 앞면; 보조 이전의 주요 특징. 반복적 인 설정을 피하십시오.


  • 작업 결정: Vise/clamp/전용 고정 장치/4 축 회전 테이블. 강성, 공구 클리어런스 및 변형 방지를 고려하십시오.


  • 가공 순서 설정: 첫 번째 얼굴, 어떤 얼굴이 날짜를 앞으로 전달합니다.


📌이 단계를 잘못하면 하류의 모든 것이 재 작업됩니다.

2 단계: 수치 계산 (수학 처리)

  • 모두 계산도구 중심점 좌표(X/Y/Z), 특히 비 정수 치수, 아크 접선 점, 모따기, 볼-코 커터 접점.


  • 복잡한 표면의 경우 CAM이이를 처리하지만 수동 프로그래밍은 여전히 기본 점, 노드, 아크 중심, 교차로가 필요합니다.


  • 요인커터 반경 보상방향 (G41/G42) 및길이 보상번호.


⚠️ 일반적인 함정: 그림은 미터법이지만 기계는 제국으로 설정됩니다. 소수점 누락 (일부 컨트롤에서G01 X50X50.behave differently); arc I/J/K direction reversed.


Content layers:

  1. 프로그램 헤더: 좌표 시스템, 절대/증분, 보상 취소, 도구 변경, 스핀들 시작.


  2. Machining body: roughing → semi-finish → finish, leave allowance per pass.


  3. Program tail: retract, return to zero or tool-change position, coolant off, M30.


Step 4: Program Verification (Simulation / Dry Run)

Do three things before running on the real part:

  • Software simulation: VERICUT / Mastercam backplot / machine's built-in graphics — check collisions, overtravel, table crash.

  • Dry run + single block: Machine Lock mode, watch coordinate movement.

  • First Article Trial Cut: run one piece in aluminum / modeling board / free-cutting stock, measure, then switch to real material.

⚠️ Skip this step = gambling. One spindle crash costs more than ten reports.

Step 5: Trial Correction and Archiving

  • Full First Article Inspection (FAI), adjust compensation / feed / speed against the drawing.


  • Finalize the program with comments, version number, tool list, and fixturing sketch archived together.


  • If tooling or material changes during production, update the program synchronously — don't let "program unchanged, tool swapped" cause a defect.


  • Key Pitfalls by Stage (Summary Table)

Stage

Where It Usually Goes Wrong

Process Planning

Insufficient clearance in workholding, poor rigidity causing chatter, cumulative error from bad sequence

Numerical Calculation

Metric/imperial mix-up, IJK direction, decimal places, compensation direction

Programming

G-code dialect differences (Fanuc / Mitsubishi / Siemens — same code, different meaning), Z safety height too low

Verification

Simulation only, no dry run; dry run only, no first article; first article not fully measured

Archiving

No version, no comments — can't even read your own program six months later


One point worth repeating: About 70% of CNC programming effort sits in Step 1 (process)and Step 2 (math). The code itself is the easiest part. A lot of people spend time debugging G-code syntax, but the real accidents almost always trace back to "process not thought through + first article not verified.

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